Hundreds of thousands of Russians are estimated to have left their country since the start of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. [378], It is not trivial to estimate the influence of oil and gas in the Russian economy. [205] In September, following successful Ukrainian counteroffensives,[206] Putin announced a "partial mobilisation", Russia's first mobilisation since World War II. [54], The ancestors of Russians are among the Slavic tribes that separated from the Proto-Indo-Europeans, who appeared in the northeastern part of Europe c. 1500 years ago. Russian clubs CSKA Moscow and Zenit Saint Petersburg won the UEFA Cup in 2005 and 2008. We think that the answer is "both," and here is why. [209] In addition, Russia was declared a terrorist state by Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. In 1961, the first human trip into space was successfully made by Yuri Gagarin. [541][542] Ivan Aivazovsky, another Romantic painter, is considered one of the greatest masters of marine art. [177] Aristotle Fioravanti and other Italian architects brought Renaissance trends into Russia. [88] In the second half of the century Anton Chekhov excelled in short stories and became a leading dramatist. [211] The 1980 Summer Olympic Games were held in Moscow,[212] and the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2014 Winter Paralympics were hosted in Sochi. Here's what it was like spending 50 hours on the longest train line in the world", "Europe continues to report the world's highest Road Network Density, followed by East Asia and Pacific", "Statistical Review of World Energy 69th edition", "Energy Fact Sheet: Why does Russian oil and gas matter? [61] Sometimes ethnic Russian communities, such as the Lipovans who settled in the Danube delta or the Doukhobors in Canada, emigrated as religious dissidents fleeing the central authority. [441] Russia's most visited and popular landmarks include Red Square, the Peterhof Palace, the Kazan Kremlin, the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius and Lake Baikal. The Russian GDP ranks 65th by per capita, Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons, and has the third-highest military expenditure. A large Russian diaspora (sometimes including Russian-speaking non-Russians), estimated at around 25 million people,[49] has developed all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Brazil, and Canada. 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Major cities that function as separate regions (Moscow and Saint Petersburg, as well as. [529] Spring and Labour Day, originally a Soviet era holiday dedicated to workers, is celebrated on 1 May. [577] Pop music has continued to flourish in Russia since the 1960s, with globally famous acts such as t.A.T.u. ", "Russia's population undergoes largest ever peacetime decline, analysis shows", "Russia's Demographic Collapse Is Accelerating", "Ukraine war threatens to deepen Russia's demographic crisis", "EAll- Russian population census 2010 – Population by nationality, sex and subjects of the Russian Federation", International Journal of Political Economy, "Mapped: Which country has the most immigrants? [345] Its foreign exchange reserves are the world's fifth-largest, worth $540 billion. [127] Theodosius Dobzhansky was the central figure in the field of evolutionary biology for his work in shaping the modern synthesis. 2017. Today, Russia is a diverse country in which the customs and traditions of both Europe and Asia thrive. [193] The Soviet Union national football team became the first European champions by winning Euro 1960,[194] and reached the finals of Euro 1988. Alexandra Guzeva Kira Lisitskaya (Photo: Global Look Press; Unsplash; Pixabay) Follow Russia Beyond on Instagram The majority of the Russian population lives in the European part of the. [14][clarification needed] Russia is the most populous country in Europe, and the world's ninth most populous country, with a population density of 9 inhabitants per square kilometre (23 per square mile). Egor Kitov, a researcher from the Center of Physical Anthropology of the. It maintains diplomatic relations with 190 United Nations member states, four partially-recognised states, and three United Nations observer states; along with 144 embassies. [240] Although in decline, the country still has many ecosystems which are still considered intact forest; mainly in the northern taiga areas, and the subarctic tundra of Siberia. [110] Since the times of Nikolay Lobachevsky, who pioneered the non-Euclidean geometry, and a prominent tutor Pafnuty Chebyshev, Russian mathematicians became among the world's most influential. Commonly named after their administrative centres. [597] Nikolay Ostrovsky's novel How the Steel Was Tempered has been among the most successful works of Russian literature. [179], In December, a referendum was held and approved, which introduced a new constitution, giving the president enormous powers. Peasant revolts were common, and all were fiercely suppressed. [166] On 17 March, a referendum was held, in which the vast majority of participating citizens voted in favour of changing the Soviet Union into a renewed federation. One is "русские" (russkie), which in modern Russia most often means "ethnic Russians". [75] The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, taking advantage, occupied parts of Russia, extending into the capital Moscow. Russia, which accounted for 80 percent of the region's trade in the 1990s, now accounts . Russia ( Russian: Россия, romanized : Rossiya, [rɐˈsʲijə] ), or the Russian Federation, [c] is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. ตำนาน. [632] Among the 3,000 licensed radio stations nationwide, notable ones include Radio Rossii, Vesti FM, Echo of Moscow, Radio Mayak, and Russkoye Radio. The total length of common-used railway tracks is the world's third-longest, and exceeds 87,000 km (54,100 mi). [85] In the south, after the successful Russo-Turkish Wars against the Ottoman Empire, Catherine advanced Russia's boundary to the Black Sea, by dissolving the Crimean Khanate, and annexing Crimea. [508] Smoking is another health issue in the country. It also shares land borders with the countries of Central Asia, which were once part of the Russian-dominated Soviet Union, and the East Asian countries of Mongolia, China, and North Korea. The name Russia comes from a Medieval Latin name for Rus', a medieval state populated primarily by the East Slavs. [367], Russia was widely described as an energy superpower. [650] Russia was the host nation for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup,[651] and the 2018 FIFA World Cup. As Committee of Ministers of Council of Europe noted in 2007,[7] despite some initiatives for development, the social and economic situation of numerically small indigenous peoples was affected by recent legislative amendments at the federal level, removing some positive measures as regards their access to land and other natural resources. [113] In the meantime, both the Bolsheviks and White movement carried out campaigns of deportations and executions against each other, known respectively as the Red Terror and White Terror. United Russia is the dominant political party in Russia, and has been described as "big tent" and the "party of power". [564] By the 1980s, rock music became popular across Russia, and produced bands such as Aria, Aquarium,[574] DDT,[575] and Kino;[576] the latter's leader Viktor Tsoi, was in particular, a gigantic figure. [86] As a result of victories over Qajar Iran through the Russo-Persian Wars, by the first half of the 19th century, Russia also conquered the Caucasus. [58] By 600 AD, the Slavs are believed to have split linguistically into southern, western, and eastern branches. Russian territory also stretches north and south in Central and East Asia. [347], Russia is the world's thirteenth-largest exporter and the 21st-largest importer. Therefore, Russia is often falsely misunderstood as a solely European nation, which negates the many groups of Asian people living in its eastern territories. [59][60], In the 10th to 11th centuries, Kievan Rus' became one of the largest and most prosperous states in Europe. [h][222] Its major islands and archipelagos include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Severnaya Zemlya, the New Siberian Islands, Wrangel Island, the Kuril Islands (four of which are disputed with Japan), and Sakhalin. [587] Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote prose satire,[588] while Nikolai Leskov is best remembered for his shorter fiction. Russian explorers pushed eastward primarily along the Siberian River Routes, and by the mid-17th century, there were Russian settlements in eastern Siberia, on the Chukchi Peninsula, along the Amur River, and on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. [422] Many foreign scientists lived and worked in Russia for a long period, such as Leonard Euler and Alfred Nobel. [37] Ancient North Eurasian populations from Siberia genetically similar to Mal'ta–Buret' culture and Afontova Gora were an important genetic contributor to Ancient Native Americans and Eastern Hunter-Gatherers. Among the best known are violinists David Oistrakh and Gidon Kremer,[147][148] cellist Mstislav Rostropovich,[149] pianists Vladimir Horowitz,[150] Sviatoslav Richter,[151] and Emil Gilels,[152] and vocalist Galina Vishnevskaya. [235] They include 45 biosphere reserves,[239] 64 national parks, and 101 nature reserves.